Sources on Medieval
Indian History
Persian sources
Dr. Pratibha Sharma
Associate Professor, Deptt. of History
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Hasan Nizami
- Taj-ul Maasir
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It was the first official document. It deals
with Muizuddin Muhammad Gauri to Iltutmish (1191-1229 A.D.)
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Minhajuddin Siraj - Tabqat-i-Nasiri
--
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It is considered to be the best source for the
Turk dynasty. It deals with Prophet Muhammad to Nasiruddin Mahmood. (1260 A.D.).
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Amir khusrau - a poet, prose writer, musician and scholar who
basically wrote five historical masnavis ( a rhyming couplet in which
any event, history or narration was described ). These are-
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Qiran-us-Saadain (Meeting of the two auspicious
stars) - It deals with the meetings between Bughra Khan and his son Sultan
Qaiqubad(1289 A.D.).
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Miftah-ul-Futuh (Key to success) - It deals with
the earlier success of Sultan Jalaluddin Khalji(1291 A.D.).
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Ashiqa (Deval Devi Khizra Khan) - It is a
romantic love story between Deval Devi, the daughter of Karan Singh (King of
Gujarat) and Khizra Khan (the eldest son of Alauddin Khalji) (1316 A.D.).
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Nuh-Sipihr (the nine skies) - It gives the
account of the reign of Sultan Qutubuddin Mubarak Khalji and throws much light
on contemporary social, religious and geographical conditions(1318 A.D.).
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Tughluq Nama (the book of Tughluqs) - It gives
the account of Ghiyasuddin Tughluq's accession(1320 A.D.)
Khusrau also wrote a book in prose which was of historical
importance --
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Khazain-ul-Futuh (the gems of triumph) - It is a short but valuable account of Alauddin
Khalji's reign (1311 A.D.).
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Zia-uddin Barani - Tarikh-i-Firuzshahi --
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It begins with the accession of Sultan Balban in
1266 A.D. and ends with the account of first six years of Sultan Firuzshah
Tughluq's reign. (1357 A.D.)
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Barani not only gives the poolitical history but
also provides economic policies and measures and their impacts.
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Sham Siraj Afif - Tarikh-i-Firuzshahi --
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It gives the account of Sultan Firuzshah Tughluq's
reign. (1351 - 1388 A.D.)
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Firushah Tughluq- Futuhat-i-Firuzshahi--
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It was originally an inscription fixed on the
wall of the Jama Mosque. Later it was copied in the form of book. It gives the
account of Sultan Firuz's ideas, policies and projects regarding public
welfare.
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Isami-Futuh-us-Salatin --
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It is also called “Shahnama-i-Hind”. This
masnavi begins with the account of Sultan Mahmud of Ghazna's reign (949-1030
A.D.) and then it comes to an end with the foundation of the Bahmani Sultanate
(1349 - 50 A.D.). It is valuable source of information about the political
history and social life of 14th century India.
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Yahya bin Ahmad Sirhindi -- Tarikh-i-Mubarak
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It is a political history which begins with
Sultan Muizuddin Mohammad bin Sam's conquest of India an dcomes to an end with
Sayyid Sultan Mubarak shah (1434 A.D.).
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Muhammad Bihamid Khani - Tarikh-i-Muhammadi --
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It gives the account from the rise of Islam in
Arab to Sayyid Sultan Muhammad Shah (1438 A.D.).
Other sources --
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Fakr-i- Mudabbir --
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Shajra-i-Ansab - This is the first history of
the Mohammad Gauri's conquest and the foundation of Sultanate in India.
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Adab-ul-Harb - It gives Sultan Iltutmish's
history.
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Mutahar Kara --
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Diwan -- It was a appraisal account which gives
valuable information about the reign of Sultan Firuz Shah Tughluq and his
Successor Sultan Tughluq Shah.
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Ainuddin Abdullah Ain-i-Mahru --
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Insha-i-Mahru -- He was the contemporary of Sultan
Muhammad bin Tughluq and Firuz Shah Tughluq. It was a collection 133 letters of
these Sultans which gives information about important events, social, economic
and administrative policies
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Ziauddin Barani --
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Fatwa-i-Jahandari - It gives the political
ideals to be followed by a Muslim ruler.
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Foreign Accounts --
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Marco Polo -- An Italian traveller who visited
during Pandya kingdom (1292-1294 A.D.)
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Ibn-e - Battuta -- Rihla (Travels) -- A Moroccan
Scholar who came to India during the reign of Muhammad bin Tughluq and gives us
valuable information of his reign.(1333-1342 A.D.)
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Nicolo Conti -- An Italian traveller who visited
Vijay Nagar Empire.(1420-1421 A.D.)
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Abdur Razzak -- An Iranian Ambassador who
visited Vijay Nagar Empire.(1442-1443 A.D.)
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Athnasius Niketin -- A Russian traveller who
visited Bahmani Empire.(1470-1474 A.D.)
v Eduardo Barbosa-- A Portuguese traveller who visited Vijay Nagar Empire.(1500-1516 A.D.)
v Domingo's Paes -- A portuguese traveller who also visited Vijay Nagar Empire.(1520-1522 A.D.)
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